PUBLIC SPEAKING

1. INTRODUCTION

Public speaking is an art of delivering speeches in front of an audience with an intention to transform the mind of people with logical reasoning. Public speaking is also an art of using the language to persuade others to one's own point of view.

The fear of public speaking is called glossophobia, this is a common phobia and as per research seventy five percent of people possess glossophobia. The degree of fear depends upon person to person. The manifestation of glossophobia is nervousness, panic, fear, shivering and quavering voice.

A talk is defined as "Communication of ideas by spoken words and the faculty of Speaking a lecture is defined as "a talk unlike a speech and the lecture is comparatively more presentation.”

Importantly, in public speaking three things are very essential for the speaker, something to be spoken about and the audience. Notably, like all skills, the art of public speaking is to be acquired through application, dedication and practice. There are no shortcuts and there is no easy way out to master public speaking.

2. TYPES OF PUBLIC SPEAKING

(a) BRIEFING/DEBRIEFING: Briefing given to a Team, Project, Office, Sections or formation briefing.

(b) PREPARED TALK: Talking about topics pertaining to the subject in issue, like lectures, class, instructions, security lectures and welfare talks etc. 

(c)  PRESENTATION: Individual or group presentation, long term and short term plan presentation.

(d) EXTEMPORE: Morning briefing, talks on target and discipline.

3. THREE IMPORTANT METHODS TO APPROACH THE  AUDIENCE

According to Aristotle, the teacher of Alexander the Great, "The masters are those who know there are three methods by which a speaker can influence the mind and the hearts of the listeners.”

 a. INTELLECTUAL METHOD

With this method the audience is influenced through intellectual arguments. One may prove or disprove certain arguments and impress your audience by the truth of the case that one has propounded.

b. MORAL METHOD

Moral method is appealing to the sense of duty and responsibility and rouses the audience and veers them to your point of view.

c. EMOTIONAL METHOD

Human beings are not only rational but they are also full of instincts and emotions. Many great speakers of the past and the present times used this method very successfully to mobilize the public opinion. Every intelligent speaker must use this highly powerful method to appeal human emotion and can stir even the most indifferent audience to action. Undoubtedly, this method is predominantly being used by politician to inspire followers

4. ESSENTIAL QUALITIES OF A SPEAKER

 a. STRONG DESIRE

A person who wants to become a successful speaker must have a strong desire to achieve the purpose of delivering the speech.

 b. KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE SUBJECT

Before speaking one should have thorough knowledge of the subject of his talk. This will enable the speaker to speak with confidence and to talk with authority before the audience. Mention to be made that a speaker becomes nervous only when he has not prepared his speech well.

c. SPEAK WITH CONFIDENCE

A speaker must have the moral courage to face the audience and this can be attained only when the speaker is confident. The confidence will be engrossed when one has strong desire and knowledge about the subject.

d. DETERMINATION TO SUCCEED

As the saying goes nothing succeeds like success, nevertheless determination is the stem for success. Hence it is paramount to have a strong determination to succeed in public speaking.

e. SINCERITY OF PURPOSE

To become a good speaker one should have sincerity in his mind. Importantly, the integrity to achieve the purpose of speaking is paramount.

f. GOOD VOCABULARY

Last but not the least is the possession of good vocabulary is paramount. It is said that a person with good vocabulary can explain his thoughts in a better way and vocabulary is just like an armoury for a good speaker.

5. PUBLIC SPEAKING PRACTICAL ACCESSING POINTS

Body Language, Confidence, Eye Contact, Enthusiasm, Mannerism, Introduction to Topic, Development of subject, Knowledge of Topics, Modulation of voice, Clarity, Choice of words, Motivation factors, Quality of Leadership, Speed of Delivery, time management and Power of Expression.

6. CONCLUSION

Public speaking is an art, twenty percent of people who don’t have glossophobia are the people exposed from childhood to perform in congregation, social/cultural gathering and religious places. Importantly, speaking an appeal to emotion should not be overdone. Conversely, it will become ineffective and have a contradictory result, an appeal to emotion should be restrained and be within limits. Even a mixture or combination of all or any of these public speaking methods can have best results. Notably, glossophobia may arise due to combination genetic tendency, biological, psychological factors or other environments. Don’t have the intuition of being rejected or embarrassed, one must be prepared to overcome fear of public speaking, by organizing ahead of time. Practice will thrust to perfection. Some of the greatest known orators have risen to work by practice, dedication and perseverance.

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